Why did Détente end in a Second Cold War
Activity One
What is the Message of this Cartoon?
The message of this cartoon is that Rumania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, East Germany and Czechoslovakia were being tightly held by Brezhnev and Kosygin and still had no freedom whatsoever. Therefore, Nixon was prepared to break them free of this Communist chains.
What is the Message of this Cartoon?
The message of this cartoon is that Rumania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, East Germany and Czechoslovakia were being tightly held by Brezhnev and Kosygin and still had no freedom whatsoever. Therefore, Nixon was prepared to break them free of this Communist chains.
Activity Two
Summarise the information so far to show the difference forces working towards Détente in the late 1960s
West Germany
Summarise the information so far to show the difference forces working towards Détente in the late 1960s
West Germany
- New Chancellor of West Germany - Willy Brandt who wanted to improve relations between the two Germany's
- USSR needed better relations with the US and its economy was stagnating
- USSR's relationship with China was souring - USSR needed to keep China isolated from the West
- Find a way to end the Vietnam War
- US needed a more realistic foreign policy - realpolitik
Activity Three
According to Judt, what were the results of Ostpolitik for the two Germanys?
East
According to Judt, what were the results of Ostpolitik for the two Germanys?
East
- Pleased with developments
- September 1973 the UN recognised and admitted East and West Germany as sovereign states
- GDR was recognised by eight countries
- Brought real dividends
- Contact and communication between the two Germany's increased
- 1969 half-million phone calls between the two Germany's
Activity Four
Part One - Explain the meaning of the following phrases used in the extract:
Geopolitical containment - Containment on an international scale influenced by geographical factors
Soviet hegemony - Soviet dominance over other countries
Military deterrence - Military discouraging people / community from doing something
Internal seeds of destruction - Metaphorical way to express leader and people within the USSR causing the destruction of the Soviet Union
Part Two - What is the overall message of this document regarding the reasons why the Cold War ended?
Part Three - Compare and contrast what Raymond Garthoff says about the end of the Cold War with those given by Patrick Glynn
Comparisons
Part One - Explain the meaning of the following phrases used in the extract:
Geopolitical containment - Containment on an international scale influenced by geographical factors
Soviet hegemony - Soviet dominance over other countries
Military deterrence - Military discouraging people / community from doing something
Internal seeds of destruction - Metaphorical way to express leader and people within the USSR causing the destruction of the Soviet Union
Part Two - What is the overall message of this document regarding the reasons why the Cold War ended?
- West didn't win the Cold War through geopolitical containment and military deterrence or by the Reagan Doctrine
- 'Victory' really came from the new leaders of the USSR who realised how bad their system and policies at home and abroad were and how badly they had failed
- Gorbachev who brought the Cold War to an end
Part Three - Compare and contrast what Raymond Garthoff says about the end of the Cold War with those given by Patrick Glynn
Comparisons
- Re-evaluation of the USSR under Gorbachev
- If the Carter-Vance approach to the Cold War had continued the USSR would've been prolonged
- Cold War wasn't won by the Reagan military build up and the Reagan Doctrine
Activity Five
What is the aeroplane supposed to represent? What is the significance about the way the cartoonist has drawn the aeroplane?
The aeroplane represents the USSR and is significant because the plane is crashing with showing the failure of the USSR.
Who are the passengers supposed to be?
The passengers, are the nations in Eastern Europe that were part of the USSR.
What is enabling Poland to jump out of the aeroplane?
Poland's democracy is it's parachute and enabled it to jump out of the crashing plane. This is because in 1981, a popular group called 'Solidarity' was suppressed by General Jaruzelski and along with that, martial law was declared. Solidarity, still remained a popular group due to economic stagnation, the failure of the government as well as support from the Catholic Church. In 1988, Solidarity was legalised won the first free election in Poland in 1989 and the Solidarity leader, Lech Walesa became Prime Minister.
What is the aeroplane supposed to represent? What is the significance about the way the cartoonist has drawn the aeroplane?
The aeroplane represents the USSR and is significant because the plane is crashing with showing the failure of the USSR.
Who are the passengers supposed to be?
The passengers, are the nations in Eastern Europe that were part of the USSR.
What is enabling Poland to jump out of the aeroplane?
Poland's democracy is it's parachute and enabled it to jump out of the crashing plane. This is because in 1981, a popular group called 'Solidarity' was suppressed by General Jaruzelski and along with that, martial law was declared. Solidarity, still remained a popular group due to economic stagnation, the failure of the government as well as support from the Catholic Church. In 1988, Solidarity was legalised won the first free election in Poland in 1989 and the Solidarity leader, Lech Walesa became Prime Minister.
Activity Six
Explain what is happening in the cartoon?
In this cartoon, years and years of Cold War tension are speedily coming to and end. In the cartoon, there is a God-like figure of a historian who has sped up the time it took the Cold War to end.
What is the message of the cartoon regarding events in Eastern Europe?
The cartoon, is regarding how quickly the Cold War escalated until its end and expresses how all of a sudden all the Eastern European Communist blocs were one after the other finding their own freedom and Democracy. Shows how the domino effect not applied to countries finding their way back to Democracy.
Explain what is happening in the cartoon?
In this cartoon, years and years of Cold War tension are speedily coming to and end. In the cartoon, there is a God-like figure of a historian who has sped up the time it took the Cold War to end.
What is the message of the cartoon regarding events in Eastern Europe?
The cartoon, is regarding how quickly the Cold War escalated until its end and expresses how all of a sudden all the Eastern European Communist blocs were one after the other finding their own freedom and Democracy. Shows how the domino effect not applied to countries finding their way back to Democracy.
Activity Seven
Research the role of Boris Yeltsin both in the coup against Gorbachev and as president of the Russian Federation in the 1990s
Coup against Gorbachev
President of the Russian Federation
A former US Secretary of State said: 'The Cold War did not have to end with a whimper, it could have ended with a bang.' What factors do you feel prevented the Cold War from ending with a 'bang'?
Research the role of Boris Yeltsin both in the coup against Gorbachev and as president of the Russian Federation in the 1990s
Coup against Gorbachev
- Solovei (Russian historian) believes that Yeltsin was 'driven by more than just anti-Communist fervor'
- Wouldn't have risen to power with Gorbachev, the two started out as allies
- 1987 Gobachev brought Yeltsin to Moscow to promote his political reforms
- 1989 Political comeback, won the election in the new Soviet parliament with almost 90% of the votes, similar occurrence with the Russian Parliament
- Renounced his membership to the Communist Party and began the call for Gorbachev's resignation
- June 1991, won 59% of the votes in the elections for Russian presidency
- August 1991 Climbed on top of a tank and denounced a coup attempt against Gorbachev which, was led by conservative soviet officials
- Began to dismantle the Communist Party - 15 Soviet Union's republics moved to secure their independence
President of the Russian Federation
- Eliminated most price controls and privatised a slew of major state assets
- Allowed the ownership of private property and free market principles
- Stock exchange, commodities exchanges and private banks all became reality
- Many Russians fell deeper into poverty due to inflation and the increasing cost of living
- Supported the freedom of press and permitted public criticism and let Western popular culture emerge in Russia
- Agreed to nuclear arms reduction brought Eastern European soldiers home
- September 1993 Disbanded the Communist-dominated parliament and called for elections for a new legislature
- Sent troops to the Republic of Chechnya which, left 80,000 dead, fighting ceased in August 1996 and began again in 1999
A former US Secretary of State said: 'The Cold War did not have to end with a whimper, it could have ended with a bang.' What factors do you feel prevented the Cold War from ending with a 'bang'?
- Gorbachev's reforms
- Gorbachev's passive response to uprising across the Communist bloc such as, 'Solidarity' winning the Polish free elections