Sino-Soviet Relations
- Marxism should feature workers leading an urban-based war
- Stalin also feared Mao as a rival for the leader of the Communist world
- Stalin didn’t want the Cold War to spread to Asia
- Stalin knew that the Guomindang would recognise the USSR’s claims to the border territory along frontiers in Manchuria and Xinjiang
- Initially believed that the GMD was stronger than the CCP, tried to get the GMD and CCP to unite - ‘Do not have a civil war: collaborate with Jiang Jieshi’
Activity Two
1) According to Chang and Halliday in Source A, how did Mao View Khrushchev?
Summary of the Source
Mao viewed Khrushchev as someone that he could manipulate and destroy to become the new communist bloc leader. Khrushchev’s in Mao’s mind was more of an obstacle than a threat.
2) What does Gaddis mean in Source B when he says that ‘Khrushchev and Mao had all the prejudices of nationalists?
Summary of the Source
Gaddis comment expresses how Mao and Khrushchev had the preconceived opinions of nationalists but were using the label of Communism. This shows how Gaddis is questioning wether or not they were really Communist or if it was the only way in which they could seize power.
1) According to Chang and Halliday in Source A, how did Mao View Khrushchev?
Summary of the Source
- Mao viewed Khrushchev as a ‘blunder’ and as someone ‘disaster prone’
- Confident that he could use Khrushchev’s vulnerability as an advantage - Mao was aiming to take Khrushchev down as the leader of the Communist bloc
- Ever since Stalin died, it was Mao’s time to be the leader
Mao viewed Khrushchev as someone that he could manipulate and destroy to become the new communist bloc leader. Khrushchev’s in Mao’s mind was more of an obstacle than a threat.
2) What does Gaddis mean in Source B when he says that ‘Khrushchev and Mao had all the prejudices of nationalists?
Summary of the Source
- Mao and Khrushchev had the opinions of nationalists but were still communist
- Mao treated Khrushchev as someone fake and never missed an opportunity to embarrass him
- Khrushchev never felt as though he understood Mao and that Mao was always playing with him
Gaddis comment expresses how Mao and Khrushchev had the preconceived opinions of nationalists but were using the label of Communism. This shows how Gaddis is questioning wether or not they were really Communist or if it was the only way in which they could seize power.
Activity Three
Discuss what Reasons Chang and Halliday give for Mao’s Initiation of the Second Taiwan Crisis? Summary of the Source
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Activity Four
1) What key points are made in Source B and Sino-Soviet Relations?
2) Compare and Contrast the Views in Sources A and C on what caused the Sino-Soviet Split
Source A
1) What key points are made in Source B and Sino-Soviet Relations?
- China and Russia had a bad a relationship
- Soviet leaders blamed Chinese selfishness on the failure of their relationship - Racism
2) Compare and Contrast the Views in Sources A and C on what caused the Sino-Soviet Split
Source A
- Mid 1950s there were problems in the Sino-Soviet Alliance
- Soviet advisors caused tension in China
- Insisted on payment for materials supplied during the Korean War
- De-Stalinization and attacks on personality went badly in Beijing
- Soviets criticised the Great Leap Forward
- Disagreement in management - Great Leap Forward
- Khrushchev tried to continue the Sino-Soviet relationship but failed because of repeated insults, rebuffs and sabotage
- Source C blames China more for the breakdown of the Sino-Soviet relationship
Stalin’s Attitude to Mao
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Stalin’s Death
- Possibility that the Sino-Soviet relationship would improve
- Soviets leaders seemed willing to supply further loans and technology to China
Khrushchev’s New Policies
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Mao’s Response to Khrushchev
- Mao considered Khrushchev’s policies as a departure from Marxist doctrine
- Evidence that the USSR was dominated by ‘revisionists’ (straying from Marxism)
Taiwan
- Mao wasn’t supported by the USSR when he decided to make it seem as though the PRC was planning an attack on Taiwan
- Khrushchev wasn’t prepared to go to war with the USA
- Accused Mao of being a ‘Trotskyist’ - Pursuing international revolution at any cost
- Soviets also saw this as Mao’s misunderstanding of political reality
The Great Leap Forward
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Albania
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Activity Six
1) Explain the Propaganda Message in Source A
4) With Reference to its Origin, Purpose and Content, Analyse the Values and Limitations of Source D for Historians Studying Sino-Soviet
Values
1) Explain the Propaganda Message in Source A
- Trying to be passive and to live peacefully with imperialists in the world
- Soviets wanted Communism too but through class struggle and not by unleashing nuclear war
- Do they consult the issue of nuclear war?
4) With Reference to its Origin, Purpose and Content, Analyse the Values and Limitations of Source D for Historians Studying Sino-Soviet
Values
- Purpose - Provoke Mao
- Content - Lack of fear towards nuclear war
Activity Eight
1) What is the Message of the Cartoonist in Source A
2) What does Source A Suggest about China's Role in the Cold War at this time?
1) What is the Message of the Cartoonist in Source A
- Mao was China’s atomic bomb
- Mad with power and was going to self destruct on his own country
2) What does Source A Suggest about China's Role in the Cold War at this time?
- 1957
- Mao wanted to engage with brinkmanship - No fear of nuclear weapons
- China had a small role, could only provoke and take no action
- Wanted the USSR to help them develop their own nuclear weapons - Soviet constantly rejected them saying they would help when necessary
- China started their own program to form a nuclear weapon - ’59/6’, referred to that year that the USSR Scientists started to pull out of China
- Mao believed that nuclear weapons were a useful tool of diplomacy, also a key to China uprising the Soviets as the leader of the international communist struggle
- 1970 Launch of the first Chinese space satellite - USSR began to worry that China would develop ICBMs